Spaces and Exchanges  

To begin with, we can clearly distinguish with this mind map, a distinction between different spaces. This is divided into 3 main categories: "exchanges", "real spaces" and "virtual spaces". These are then illustrated with examples.
We will first see the distinction between real and virtual spaces and then we will study the exchanges that take place in these spaces.
We can see that there are many spaces in the world that can be separated into real and virtual spaces. Indeed these spaces are numerous and can be differentiated but also marked by borders. As we can see in the real spaces, some of them are delimited (North/South, public and private, first world and third world, etc...) or present inequalities. It is therefore thanks to the exchanges that any type of space can be put in relation with the rest of the world. As far as virtual spaces are concerned, they are diverse and varied, and this is mainly done through internet networks. ( At a distance ).


Among the real spaces we find the world cities, also called global cities. This different name designates a city that performs strategic functions on a global scale, a centre that organises flows and is part of networks. It is a pole of command in globalization. We can also see the first world, superpowers, the third world, emerging countries, developed countries, the South / North, the lower sphere and finally the upper sphere (indeed, the third world countries are present in the lower sphere while the first world countries in the upper sphere). There are then some differences in development between these different real spaces, such as the South/North border, where most of the most developed countries are located in the North (those with developed economies and advanced technological infrastructure). There are therefore distinctions between areas at different scales. Moreover, on a smaller scale we find, the country side, small towns, big cities and thus global cities that are taking on a larger scale. In these spaces we find (CBD) or rather Central Business Districts, synonymous with financial districts. It designates the commercial or financial and often geographical pole of a city. For example, New York in Manhattan. Suburbs, therefore areas that are part of a city or urban area that constitute a residential community at a distance from the city. As far as the city centre is concerned, this is where we can find the main shops, cultural heritage and so on. It is then the commercial, cultural and sometimes historical, political and geographical heart of a city in itself, (often expensive)  for these advantages...
Finally, as far as virtual exchanges involving digital exchanges online are concerned: We can see everything that concerns social networks. As an online platform that we all use casi thanks to today's technology in order to establish social relationships with other people. Even fictitious, it is thanks to these networks very well known as facebook, tweeter, instagram or snapchat that these very famous networks in the world allow to find, meet, and exchange all kind of personal and professional ideas. Beside these social networks other forms of exchange are done through websites, whether private or public, which we can achieve on any type of screen. Through computer networks, cellulars networks, chat rooms or forums as online discussion sites where people can hold conversations to propose, and can give their opinions. Or, blogs post...It helps to share these ideas and interact with the world wherever you are.

Indeed, exchanges between the different spaces are constantly taking place in a world that can be called a networked world, but in what ways?  As far as the real spaces are concerned, we can see that exchanges take place between people or/and 'goods': Through tourism, migration, or brain drain (intelligent students looking for better opportunities.) Whether it is through language exchanges and human interactions. As well as many illegal exchanges which also contribute to globalisation, such as drug and arms trafficking. 

For virtual exchanges, exchanges between spaces can be done through online games, (video games, gambling ... and that through the Internet. Games are ubiquitous in today's society whether on modern gaming platforms by computers, consoles and smartphones. But also through e-commerce, i.e. the possibility to buy and sell products electronically on Internet services. This kind of e-commerce relies on technologies such as Internet marketing.  But above all, on more well-known platforms with videoconferencing, sms, email, blog, telecommunications, telework, agent transfers, etc...